PYTHON LIBRARIES FOR MACHINES LEARNING

TOP MOST PYTHON LIBRARIES WHICH ARE VERY USEFUL IN MACHINE LEARNING

- SCIKIT

 This library is used when we to include the data mining techniques in to ML
  Here is the link to official website CLICK

- THEANO

This library is used to optimize the all  mathematical computer algebra systems
Here is the link to official website CLICK


-  TENSOR

All numerical computation and multi-dimensional communication are done by using this libraries.
Here is the link to official website CLICK

-  GRAPHLAB

This library is mainly useful data scientific analysis
Here is the link to official website CLICK

- CAFFE

This library is very useful in optimizing the deep learning mythologies.
Here is the link to official website CLICK

Hadoop 2.6 Installation in Ubuntu

HADOOP INSTALLATION

INITIALLY YOU HAVE TO INSTALL JAVA HERE I HAVE GIVEN

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ cd ~

# Update the source list

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo apt-get update

# The OpenJDK project is the default version of Java

# that is provided from a supported Ubuntu repository.

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo apt-get install default-jdk

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ java -version

java version "1.7.0_65"

OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.3) (7u71-2.5.3-0ubuntu0.14.04.1)

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.65-b04, mixed mode) 

CREATE A HADOOP GROUP

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo addgroup hadoop

Adding group `hadoop' (GID 1002) ...

Done.

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo adduser --ingroup hadoop lokesh

Adding user `hduser' ...

Adding new user `hduser' (1001) with group `hadoop' ...

Creating home directory `/home/lokesh' ...

Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...

Enter new UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: password updated successfully

Changing the user information for hduser

Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default

 Full Name []:

 Room Number []:

 Work Phone []:

 Home Phone []:

 Other []:

Is the information correct? [Y/n] Y

Installing SSH

ssh has two main components:

1. ssh : The command we use to connect to remote machines - the client.
2. sshd : The daemon that is running on the server and allows clients to connect to the server.

The ssh is pre-enabled on Linux, but in order to start sshd daemon, we need to install ssh first. Use this command to do that :

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo apt-get install ssh

This will install ssh on our machine. If we get something similar to the following, we can think it is setup properly:

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ which ssh

/usr/bin/ssh

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ which sshd

/usr/sbin/sshd

Create and Setup SSH Certificates

Hadoop requires SSH access to manage its nodes, i.e. remote machines plus our local machine. For our single-node setup of Hadoop, we therefore need to configure SSH access to localhost.

So, we need to have SSH up and running on our machine and configured it to allow SSH public key authentication.

Hadoop uses SSH (to access its nodes) which would normally require the user to enter a password. However, this requirement can be eliminated by creating and setting up SSH certificates using the following commands. If asked for a filename just leave it blank and press the enter key to continue.

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ su hduser

Password:

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/home/lokesh/.ssh/id_rsa):

Created directory '/home/hduser/.ssh'.

Your identification has been saved in /home/lokesh/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /home/lokesh/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

50:6b:f3:fc:0f:32:bf:30:79:c2:41:71:26:cc:7d:e3 lokesh@lenova-G500

The key's randomart image is:

+--[ RSA 2048]----+

|        .oo.o    |

|       . .o=. o  |

|      . + .  o . |

|       o =    E  |

|        S +      |

|         . +     |

|          O +    |

|           O o   |

|            o..  |

+-----------------+

lokesh@lenova-G500:/home/lokesh$ cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys 

The second command adds the newly created key to the list of authorized keys

so that Hadoop can use ssh without prompting for a password.

We can check if ssh works:

lokesh@lenova-G500:/home/k$ ssh localhost

The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:8b:a0:a5:75:ef:f4:b4:5e:a9:ed:be:64:be:5c:2f.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Install Hadoop

 

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ wget http://mirrors.sonic.net/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.6.0/hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ tar xvzf hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz

We want to move the Hadoop installation to the /usr/local/hadoop directory using the following command:

lokesh@lenova-G500:~/hadoop-2.6.0$ su k

Password:

k@laptop:/home/hduser$ sudo adduser hduser sudo

[sudo] password for k:

Adding user `hduser' to group `sudo' ...

Adding user hduser to group sudo

Done.

lokesh@lenova-G500:/home/hduser$ sudo su hduser

lokesh@lenova-G500:~/hadoop-2.6.0$ sudo mv * /usr/local/hadoop

lokesh@lenova-G500:~/hadoop-2.6.0$ sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop

Setup Configuration Files

The following files will have to be modified to complete the Hadoop setup:

1. ~/.bashrc
2. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
3. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
4. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template
5. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

1. ~/.bashrc:

Before editing the .bashrc file in our home directory, we need to find the path where Java has been installed to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable using the following command:

hduser@laptop update-alternatives --config java

There is only one alternative in link group java (providing /usr/bin/java): /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java

Nothing to configure.

Now we can append the following to the end of ~/.bashrc:

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ vi ~/.bashrc

#HADOOP VARIABLES START

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64

export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop

export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin

export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin

export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL

export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL

export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL

export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL

export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib/native

export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib"

#HADOOP VARIABLES END

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ source ~/.bashrc

note that the JAVA_HOME should be set as the path just before the '.../bin/':

lokesh@lenova-G500-VirtualBox:~$ javac -version

javac 1.7.0_75

lokesh@lenova-G500-VirtualBox:~$ which javac

/usr/bin/javac

lokesh@lenova-G500-VirtualBox:~$ readlink -f /usr/bin/javac

/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/javac

2. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

We need to set JAVA_HOME by modifying hadoop-env.sh file.

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64

Adding the above statement in the hadoop-env.sh file ensures that the value of JAVA_HOME variable will be available to Hadoop whenever it is started up.

 3. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml:

The /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml file contains configuration properties that Hadoop uses when starting up.

This file can be used to override the default settings that Hadoop starts with.  

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo mkdir -p /app/hadoop/tmp

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo chown hduser:hadoop /app/hadoop/tmp

hduser@laptop:~$ vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>

 <property>

  <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>

  <value>/app/hadoop/tmp</value>

  <description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>

 </property>

 <property>

  <name>fs.default.name</name>

  <value>hdfs://localhost:54310</value>

  <description>The name of the default file system.  A URI whose

  scheme and authority determine the FileSystem implementation.  The

  uri's scheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming

  the FileSystem implementation class.  The uri's authority is used to

  determine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.</description>

 </property>

</configuration>

4. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

By default, the /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/ folder contains

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template

file which has to be renamed/copied with the name mapred-site.xml

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ cp /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

The mapred-site.xml file is used to specify which framework is being used for MapReduce.
We need to enter the following content in between the <configuration></configuration> tag:  

<configuration>

 <property>

  <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>

  <value>localhost:54311</value>

  <description>The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs

  at.  If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map

  and reduce task.

  </description>

 </property>

</configuration>

5. /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

The /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file needs to be configured for each host in the cluster that is being used.

It is used to specify the directories which will be used as the namenode and the datanode on that host.

Before editing this file, we need to create two directories which will contain the namenode and the datanode for this Hadoop installation.

This can be done using the following commands:

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/datanode

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop_store 

Open the file and enter the following content in between the <configuration></configuration> tag:  

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>

 <property>

  <name>dfs.replication</name>

  <value>1</value>

  <description>Default block replication.

  The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created.

  The default is used if replication is not specified in create time.

  </description>

 </property>

 <property>

   <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>

   <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode</value>

 </property>

 <property>

   <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>

   <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/datanode</value>

 </property>

</configuration>

Format the New Hadoop Filesystem

Now, the Hadoop file system needs to be formatted so that we can start to use it. The format command should be issued with write permission since it creates current directory

under /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode folder:

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ hadoop namenode -format

DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.

Instead use the hdfs command for it.

Starting Hadoop

Now it's time to start the newly installed single node cluster.

We can use start-all.sh or (start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh)

lokesh@lenova-G500:~$ start-all.sh

This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh

16/01/21 3:21:15 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

Starting namenodes on [localhost]

localhost: starting namenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-lokesh-namenode-lenova-G500.out

localhost: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hduser-datanode-laptop.out

Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]

0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-lokesh-secondarynamenode-lenova-G500.out

16/01/21 3:21:15 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

starting yarn daemons

starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-lokesh-resourcemanager-lenova-G500.out

localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hduser-nodemanager-lenova-G500.out